What is federalism?

 

﷽✍ What is federalism?

Many Countries Adopt Federalism To Manage Ethnic Diversity Within Their Borders And Help Promote Unity. There Are 25 Federal Countries Globally, Representing 40% Of the World’s Population Today, 5 Of Them Are On The African Continent.

There are several types of federalism, including: 

★ ★ Balance federalism:- A type of federalism.

★ ★ Unitary federalism:- A type of federalism 

★ ★ Segmented federalism:- A type of federalism 

★ ★ Accommodation federalism:- A type of federalism 

★ ★Cooperative federalism:-

 A model of federalism where the federal and state governments work together to create and administer public policy 

★ ★ Holding together federation:-A type of federalism 

where the central government has more power than the states.

This federalism In Africa Is A five African Countries Ethiopia 🇪🇹, Nigeria 🇳🇬, Somalia 🇸🇴, South Africa 🇿🇦, And South Sudan These Five States Adopted A Federal Order Considering Identity (Ethnicity/Race/Clan/Religion), To A Varying Extent, In Redrawing Internal Boundaries, They Attempted To Manage Ethnic Conflict By Allowing Territorial Groups To Exercise Some Degree Of Self-Rule. 

These African States Face Problems Of Territorial Governance, Such aAs Territories Contested Among Ethnonationalities, Self-Rule Demands, And Disagreement On State Structure AndTerritorial Distribution Of Powers, These States Adopted A Divergent Approach To Handling Territorial Politics Under Conditions Of Ethnic Diversity, Territorial Politics Refers To The Relationship Between Geographical Centers And Peripheries And The Horizontal And Vertical Interface Of Spatially Circumscribed Sites Of Political Authority.

Nigeria 🇳🇬, Ethiopia 🇪🇹, And South Africa 🇿🇦 

Are Matured Federations, Somalia 🇸🇴  And South Sudan 🇸🇸 

 Are Evolving Federations Essential To Illuminating The Politics Of Federalism In Post-Conflict Settings.

✿ Nigeria 🇳🇬

Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914.

✿ Ethiopia 🇪🇹

Meles Zenawi and his government adopted ethnic federalism with the aim of establishing the equality of all ethnic groups in Ethiopia. Features of ethnic federalism have been displayed also in other countries, including Nepal, Pakistan, South Sudan, Yugoslavia, and Apartheid-era South Africa.

✿ South Africa 🇿🇦

A contingency model for constitutional development in South Africa is presented. Federalism is superior to unitarism in resolving South Africa's constitutional dilemma. However, neither federation nor confederation are considered appropriate. A third form of federalism is developed from the model which is termed “cofederation”.

 It combines characteristics of both federation and confederation in a hybrid interstate‐intrastate dispensation.

✿ Somalia 🇸🇴 

Dual Federalism - It provided for a clear division of power between the federal and state governments, as described earlier. Two Supreme Court

✿ South Sudan 🇸🇸 

This article spotlights existing debates under the on-going constitutional design process on the type of federalism South Sudan should adopt. 

It is a debate with varying and potentially divisive perspectives. 

Dominant proposals in these debates are territorial and ethnic federalism.

 Somalia Also Is Different From 4 Other Africa Countries Because It Is A Country With One Ethnic, One Language, One Religion, But Has Divided Politics Of Tribalism And Somalia Adopted Federalism In 2004.

Also Ethiopia Adopted Federalism In 1991 When The Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) A Coalition Of Four Major Parties Came To Power Between 1991 And 2019 The EPRDF Tightly Controlled Regional Governments, It Suppressed Any Demands For Self-Rule. The Coming To Power Of Abiy Ahmed In 2018 Helped Open Up The Political Space And Today Are 12 regions In The Country And Also Ethiopia It Celebrates Today 7, December 2024 The 19th Ethiopian Nations, Nationalities And Peoples Day in Arbaminc city.

However, These African Countries That Have Adopted The Federalism System.

 Two Of Them Are In The Horn of Africa Somalia, And Ethiopia But Different Federalism.